Well water hardness in Middlesex County, New Jersey
2.2 gpg soft
Private wells in Middlesex County typically give soft water: the median well sampled by the U.S. Geological Survey has 2.2 gpg (38 mg/L as CaCO₃).
Wells differ a lot, even next door: one in ten sampled wells had less than 11 mg/L and one in ten more than 232 mg/L. The figure comes from 285 wells and 428 samples taken between 1983 and 2022 (half of them by 1986).
Most samples are older than ten years. Groundwater hardness comes from the rock the well is drilled into and changes slowly, but your own well can be quite different, so treat this as a regional indication and test your water.
On city or town water instead of a well? Your utility publishes its own figures: Perth Amboy (5.6 gpg), Trenton (6.3 gpg).
What this hardness means for a well household
- Little or no limescale in kettles, water heaters or washing machines.
- Soap lathers easily; water does not dry skin or hair.
- Dishwasher: salt setting at minimum or off.
- No softener needed; a jug filter only changes taste.
How to test your well in New Jersey
Hardness is only one part of a well test. Federal health agencies advise every private well owner to test regularly:
- Test a private well every year for total coliform bacteria, nitrates, total dissolved solids and pH; test more often if young children, older adults or a pregnant or nursing person live in the home. (US EPA, Protect Your Home's Water)
- Test at least once a year and ask the local health department which other germs or chemicals matter where you live. (CDC, Guidelines for Testing Well Water)
Your county health department can tell you which certified laboratories accept private well samples.
Under the Private Well Testing Act (N.J.S.A. 58:12A-26 et seq.), the buyer or seller must test the well water before sale and review the results before closing, and landlords must test the well water of rental properties.
If no local lab suits you, mail-in kits from certified labs test a wider panel at home; they cost more than a state or county lab.
Treating hard well water
Water this soft needs no softener. Soft well water can be corrosive, though: test pH, lead and copper if you see blue-green stains.
Nearby counties
FAQ
How hard is well water in Middlesex County, New Jersey?
The median well sampled by the USGS in Middlesex County has 2.2 gpg (38 mg/L as CaCO₃), which is soft. One in ten wells had less than 11 mg/L and one in ten more than 232 mg/L.
Is my own well the same?
Not necessarily. Hardness depends on the rock layer your well draws from and on its depth, so neighbouring wells can differ by a factor of two or more. Only a test of your own water tells you.
How often should I test my well in New Jersey?
Every year for coliform bacteria, nitrate, total dissolved solids and pH (EPA and CDC advice), and after floods, repairs or a change in taste or smell. Hardness, iron and manganese once, and again before you buy a softener.
Do I need a water softener for my well?
No. With soft water a softener adds nothing.
Where does this figure come from?
From 428 samples of 285 wells measured by the U.S. Geological Survey between 1983 and 2022, retrieved from the Water Quality Portal. We publish a county only when at least 10 wells were sampled.
Source and method
Computed by Water Hardness Atlas from USGS National Water Information System samples (characteristic "Hardness, Ca, Mg", sites of type well, samples since 1980), retrieved 2026-10-29 through the Water Quality Portal. For each well we take the median of its samples, then the median of all wells in the county; wells above 1,000 mg/L (oil, gas or mine brines) are left out. USGS data are in the U.S. public domain. Water Quality Portal query
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